I suppose I can begin this post with good news and bad news.
The bad news (or some of you might think of it this way) is that, as the title
suggests, we are spending our fourth post on the explanation of Revelation
20:1-6. The good news is this is the last one.
We have taken so much time with
this passage since it is at the heart of the millennial debate, as the main
passage that deals with the topic. It is also at the heart of the third reason
I hold to the Amillennial end times position: “The only mention of a 1,000 year
reign of Jesus Christ is found in Revelation 20. That text is best understood in the context
of Revelation as a reign of Christ in heaven with saints during this present age.”
Having looked at the context and
introductory matters in two posts, in our last post we zeroed in on verses
1-3. So, all that is left for us to do
is to explain verses 4-6. Those verses read:
Then I saw thrones, and seated on
them were those to whom the authority to judge was committed. Also I saw the
souls of those who had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus and for the
word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not
received its mark on their foreheads or their hands. They came to life and
reigned with Christ for a thousand years. 5 The rest of the
dead did not come to life until the thousand years were ended. This is the
first resurrection. 6 Blessed and holy
is the one who shares in the first resurrection! Over such the second death has
no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and they will reign
with him for a thousand years.
There are several points I want
to make about these three verses that should help us understand them better.
(1) The thousand year period of verses 4-6 should be seen as the same
period verses 1-3 addressed. We have already seen that period extends from the
first to the second comings of Jesus Christ and so, just like there, so here, the
thousand years is figurative, rather than a literal.
(2) Justice, especially for those martyred, is an important theme in
Revelation (cf. 6:9-11). It is significant, then, that these saints are
pictured seated on thrones and given authority to judge in some manner (Mt.
19:28 show that reigning and judging go together). These three verses picture
Christians who have died (martyrs probably stand for all Christians who have
died as is the case earlier in the book (6:9-11). We must note that these
saints are in heaven. After all, the word “throne” is used 47 times in Revelation
ad all but three (2:13; 13:2; 16:10) appear to be in heaven. There is no
question, then, that this reigning is taking place in heaven and not on earth.
It might even be said that verses 1-3 picture what takes place on earth from
the first to second comings of Christ and verses 4-6 picture what takes place
in heaven.
(3) It needs to be noted that this text says nothing about Christ or
saints reigning on earth (what would be necessary for it to reference a 1,000
reign of Christ and saints on earth). That concept needs to be brought into the
text by implication. If, however, as we are suggesting, the better explanation
for this entire passage is what the Amillennialist puts forth, then there is no
need to bring in that concept of an earthly reign.
(4) Even though the words, “they came to life” (v. 4) can refer to a
physical resurrection (See Mt. 9:18; Rm. 14:9; 2 Cor. 3:14; Rev. 2:8 where the
same verb is used for physical resurrection) and certainly the words in v. 5,
“this is the first resurrection,” let us know that this coming to life is a
kind of resurrection, we are led away from seeing it as the future bodily
resurrection of saints since that appears to be covered later on in verses
11-13.[1]
What we have here involves those in Jesus Christ passing from this life to even
greater life in heaven. It is so much
greater, even though it still does not involve the future bodily resurrection,
that there is no way to describe it other than this—it is as if they are coming
to life; they are being raised! Those who have true life are coming to know even
greater and fuller life.
(5) Most likely the words “first” and “second” (Rev. 20:5, 6, 14;
21:1) are not intended merely as cardinal numerals. Rather they describe what
has to do with this present age (“first”) and the eternal age to come
(“second”). What we learn, then, in the larger context is that those who have
been given new life in this age and experienced that first resurrection will
not undergo the second death. Rather, they will experience the new heaven and
new earth (which is equal to the second heaven and earth—that of the new age).
Additionally, those who have not experienced the first resurrection will experience
the second death (which is equal to the lake of fire) and will not experience
the second or new heaven and earth.
(6) In verse 5, John’s clause, “the rest of the dead did not come to
life unto the thousand years were ended,” is parenthetical. So, the subsequent
clause, “this is the first resurrection,” refers back to the end of verse 4,
before John offers the parenthesis. This parenthetical statement in v. 5
appears primarily to be stressing that those apart from Christ do not
experience the greater life during this age. And, the only “greater” life they
will have is that of being resurrected to face judgment and eternal conscious
punishments (cf. vv. 11-15).
(7) Finally, in verse 6, the fact that these “raised” believers who
are reigning with Christ are “priests of God and of Christ,” suggests that the
picture here is parallel to Rev. 5:9-10, a vision of heaven that takes place
during this inter-advent age.
So, in all aspects of Revelation 20:1-6 (the explanation of
the six verses, as well as structure an context) we conclude that the best
explanation is that offered by Amillennialists. Since this is the main passage
in the entire debate, it is in many ways the most important reason of the
seventeen for my stance.
However, we do have fourteen more reasons to cover, which we
can definitely cover with greater speed over the next few weeks’ posts.
[1] Anthony Hoekema explains: “Premillennialists
understand what is described in verses 11-13 as the resurrection of unbelievers
which, they claim, occurs after the millennium, since the resurrection of
believers has taken place before the millennium. The separation of the resurrection of
unbelievers from that of believers by a thousand years, however, must be
challenged, particularly in view of Jesus’ words in John 5:28-29.” That text
reads: “Do not marvel at
this, for an hour is coming when
all who are in the tombs will hear his voice 29and come out, those who
have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the
resurrection of judgment.” So, it is
better to take verses 11-13 as referring to the resurrection of all—believers
and unbelievers.
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